束昱：我国城市综合管廊建设现状趋势及海绵城市的上海战略

　　导语：

　　SHUYU，TONGJIDAXUEJIAOSHOU、TONGJIDIXIAKONGJIANYANJIUYUANYUANZHANG、QUANQIUCHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANYANJIUHUILISHIZHANG、RIBENDONGJINGGONGYEDAXUEKEZUOYANJIUYUAN、YINGGUOHUANGJIATEXUJIANZAOSHI。SHIWOGUOCHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANHEZONGHEGUANLANGGUIHUASHEJILILUNFANGFAYUBIAOZHUN、CHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANHEXIEXUQIUYUCELILUN、DIXIAKONGJIANHUANJINGYURENTIXIANGHUZUOYONGLILUN、DIXIAKONGJIANHUANJINGSHENGTAIHUAJISHUJICHENGYINGYONGLILUN、DIXIAKONGJIANSHIYONGANQUANPINGJIAFANGFA、DIXIAKONGJIANHUANJINGYISHUSHEJILILUNYUFANGFA、DIXIAKONGJIANFANGZAIYOUDAOBIAOZHIDEGUIHUASHEJILILUNYUFANGFA、HAIMIANCHENGSHI、DIXIAKONGJIAN、ZONGHEGUANLANGGUIHUASHEJIJIJIANGURENFANGDENGFANGMIANDEXIANXINGYANJIUHEKAITUOCHUANGXINZHE，GUONEIWAIZHUMINGCHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANYURENJUHUANJINGYANJIUZHUANJIA。XIANHOUWANCHENG50YUXIANGGUOJIAJISHENGSHIWEITUODEKEYANZIXUNJIBEISHANGGUANGSHENDENG70XIANGCHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIAN、RENFANGGONGCHENG、ZONGHEGUANLANGDENGZHUANXIANGGUIHUABIANYAN。

　　ZUOWEI“ZHONGHUADIYIGOU”（1994NIANSHANGHAIPUDONGZHANGYANGLUGONGTONGGOU）DEKETIYANJIUYUGONGCHENGSHEJIJISHUZONGJIAN,YIJIWOGUO《CHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGGONGCHENGJISHUGUIFAN》（GB50838-2015/2012）DEZHUSHEN，SHUYUJIAOSHOUKEWEISHIZHONGGUODALUCHENGSHIDIXIAZONGHEGUANLANGYANJIUYUSHIJIANDEXIANXINGZHE。YOUWEIJINJINIAN，WOGUOZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHERECHAODIEQI，SHUYUJIAOSHOUZAIKEXUEYANJIUYUGONGCHENGJISHUZIXUNDENGGONGZUOSHANGGENGJIAFANMANG。YOUYUSHUJIAOSHOUSHIJIANBINGCANGUANKAOCHAGUORIBEN、FAGUO、XINJIAPO、WOGUOTAIWANDIQUJIDALUJISHIGECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGXIANGMU，YINCI，DUIZONGHEGUANLANGGUIHUASHEJIJIANSHEGUANLIDENGFANGMIANDERENZHIRIYISHENKE。BENWENJIUSHISHUYUJIAOSHOUDUIWOGUOCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEXIANZHUANGQUSHIJIHAIMIANCHENGSHIFAZHANDESHANGHAIZHANLVEYIXITAN。

　　我国城市综合管廊建设现状及发展趋势

　　SUIZHECHENGZHENHUABUFADEBUDUANJIAKUAI，CHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEYEBURUKUAICHEDAO。2015NIAN4YUE，CAIZHENGBUYUZHUJIANBULIANHEGONGBULEDIYIPIDIXIAZONGHEGUANLANGSHIDIANCHENGSHI：BAOTOU、SHENYANG、HAERBIN、SUZHOU、SHAMEN、SHIYAN、ZHANGSHA、HAIKOU、LIUPANSHUI、BAIYIN；TONGSHI，HAITEPIJILINSHENGKAIZHANQUANSHENGCHENGSHISHIDIAN，JISUOWEI“10+1”MOSHI。JIEZHEYOUZAI2016NIAN4YUEGONGBUDIERPI15ZUOCHENGSHIWEISHIDIANCHENGSHI。YUCITONGSHI，DUIDIYIPISHIDIANDEPINGGUYIZHANKAI，CHENGJIBUCUO。

　　　世界上早就开始了综合管廊建设

　　GONGYEGEMINGKAISHIZUIZAODEDIFANG，ZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEQIBUYEZUIZAO。1833NIAN，FAGUOBALIWEILEJIEJUEDIMIANWURAN、WUSHUIPAIFANGJISHIZHENGGUANXIANDEFUSHE，TIGAOHUANJINGZHILIANG，KAISHIXINGJIANZONGHEGUANLANG。DAOMUQIANWEIZHI，BALIYIJINGJIANCHENGZONGZHANGDUYUE2400GONGLI、XITONGJIAOWEIWANSHANDEDIXIAPAISHUIDAOJIZONGHEGUANLANGWANGLUO。19SHIJI，DEGUOHANBAOYEKAISHIJIANSHEZONGHEGUANLANG，HOULAIZAIQUANDELIUXINGKAILAI。SUIRANCHUSHITOUZIJIAOGAO，DANZHANGQIDEYUNXINGSHIJIANBIAOMING，QIYUNYINGZONGTICHENGBENDI、HUANBAO、KECHIXUFAZHANDENGYOUSHI，KEWEIYILAOYONGYI。

　　20SHIJI，RIMEIDAXINGZONGHEGUANLANG。RIBEN1926NIANZAIDONGJINGDOUKAISHIGONGTONGGOU（ZONGHEGUANLANG）JIANSHESHIDIAN，1963NIANBANBU“GONGTONGGOUTEBIECUOSHIFA”，ZHI2001NIANYIJIANCHENG600YUGONGLIDEGONGTONGGOU，BINGXINGCHENGLEWANSHANDEJISHUBIAOZHUNYUGUANLIFAGUI。1995NIANRIBENBANSHENDADIZHENQIJIAN，SHENHUSHINEIDALIANGFANGWUDAOTA、DAOLUBEIHUI，DANZHENQUGONGTONGGOUQUEDADUOWANHAOWUSUN，ZHEIDADAJIANQINGLEZHENHOUJIUZAIHEZHONGJIANGONGZUODENANDU。MEIGUOZI1960NIANDAIQIKAISHIZONGHEGUANLANGDEYANJIU，1971NIANKAISHIJIANSHEZONGHEGUANLANG，JIAOJUDAIBIAOXINGDEWEINIUYUESHICONGSHUHEXIACHUANYUEBINGLIANJIEASITUOLIYA（Astoria）HEDIYUMENDAIZHIWUYUAN（HellGateGeneratioPlants）DEAIDISHENGSHIZHENGGUANXIANSUIDAO（ConsolidatedEdisonTunnel）。GAISHIZHENGGUANXIANSUIDAO（ZONGHEGUANLANG）ZHANGYUE1554MI，GAO6-7MI，SHOUNAYOU345kVSHUPEIDIANLILANXIAN、DIANXINLANXIAN、WUSHUIGUANHEZILAISHUIGUAN。

　　CIWAI，1933NIAN，QIANSULIANZAIMOSIKE、LIENINGGELE、JIFUDENGDIXIUJIANLEZONGHEGUANLANG。1953NIAN，XIBANYAZAIMADELIXIUJIANZONGHEGUANLANG，HAIYOUSIDEGEERMO、BASAILUONEI、NIUYUE、DUOLUNDUO、MENGTELIER、LIANG、AOSILUDENGCHENGSHI，DOUJIANYOUJIAOWANBEIDEZONGHEGUANLANGXITONG。

　　综合管廊用途是什么，怎么建？

　　HEWEIZONGHEGUANLANG？ZONGHEGUANLANG（RIBENCHENG“GONGTONGGOU”，TAIWANDIQUCHENG“GONGTONGGUANDAO”），JIUSHICHENGSHIDIXIASHIZHENGGUANXIANDEZONGHEZOULANG。JIZAICHENGSHIDIXIAJIANZAOYIGESUIDAOKONGJIAN，JIANGDIANLI、TONGXUN，RANQI、GONGRE、JIPAISHUIDENGGELEIGUANXIANJIHEPUSHEYUYITI，SHEYOUZHUANMENDEJIANXIUKOU、DIAOZHUANGKOUHEJIANCEXITONG，SHISHITONGYIGUIHUA、TONGYISHEJI、TONGYIJIANSHEHEGUANLI，SHIBAOZHANGCHENGSHIANQUANGAOXIAOYUNXINGDEZHONGYAO“SHENGMINGXIAN”GONGCHENG。RUGUOMEIZUOCHENGSHIDOUJIANYOUZONGHEGUANLANG，“MALULALIAN”JIBENJIUKEYIJUEJI。

　　ZONGHEGUANLANGANQIGONGNENGKEFENWEIGANXIANGUANLANG、ZHIXIANGUANLANG、GANZHIHUNHEGUANLANGJILANXIANGUANLANG。ZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHESHEJIDAOFAZHIJIANSHE、BIAOZHUNJIANSHEDENGGUOJIACENGMIANDEWENTI，YAOLIQINGGUANXIANDEYONGTURUWUSHUI、YUSHUI、RANQIDENGGUANXIANRULANGDEWENTITEDIAN，YAOZONGHEKAOLVKANGZHEN、RENFANG、XIAOFANG、FANGLAODENGZONGHEFANGZAIXIANGJIEHEWENTI，HAIYAOYUGUIDAOJIAOTONG、GUANXIANZONGHE、FANGHONGPAILAO、HAIMIANCHENGSHI、DIXIAKONGJIANDENGDUOXIANGZHUANYEGUIHUADEXIANJIEWENTI；LINGWAILVSECAILIAO、GONGYI、JISHUDENGKEJIJICHENGCHUANGXINWENTI，DASHUJU、WULIANWANG、BIM、JIQIRENDENGZHIHUIYUNYINGWEIHURUHEGUANCHEDAOQUANSHOUMINGZHOUQIDEWENTI，DENGDENG。

　　ZONGHEGUANLANGDEJIANZAO，FANGSHIDUOYANG。CHANGJIANDEFANGFASHIMINGWAFA、ANWAFA，SUIZHEKEXUEJISHUDEFAZHAN，DUNGOUFA、YUZHIPINZHUANGGONGFAYEHENCHANGJIAN。1933NIAN，QIANSULIANKAISHIZAIMOSIKEJIANSHEZONGHEGUANLANG，HAIZAILIENINGGELE（SHENGBIDEBAO）、JIFUDENGCHENGSHIDAOLUJIANSHESHIPEITAOJIANSHELEZONGHEGUANLANG，BINGCAIQUYUZHIPINZHUANGGONGFAJIANSHEZONGHEGUANLANG。

　　JINNIANLAICHUXIANDEZHUANGPEISHIBOWENGANGZHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANG1.6-12HAOMIDEBOGANGBANYACHENGBOWENHOU，ZHICHENGGUANJIEHUOBANPIAN，ZUIHOUZUOCHENGGUANLANG，ZHEIZHONGGUANLANGSHIYIZHONGJIYOUGANGXINGYEJUROUXINGDEBENTIJIEGOU，JUYOUYIDINGDEKANGZHENNENGLI，QIENENGJIAOHAOSHIYINGJIAODADECHENJIANGYUBIANXING，NENGYUZHOUWEITUTIXINGCHENGZUHE，GONGTONGSHOULI。GUANLANGHAIYOUYUANXINGSHUANGCANG、GONGXINGSANCANG、MATIXINGSHUANGCANGBINGPAIDENGJIEGOUXINGSHI，ZHUANGPEISHIGUANLANGJUYOUGONGCHENGZAOJIADI、GUANTIQIANGDUGAO、SHIGONGGONGQIDUAN、NAIJIUXINGQIANG、SHOUMINGZHANG、KANGZHENKANGBIANXINGNENGLIQIANGQIELIYUHUANBAODENGYOUDIAN。GANGZHIGUANLANGZAIWOGUODESHANDONGRIZHAOJICHANG、LIAONINGQIPANSHANGUOJIHUIYIZHONGXINYIYOUYINGYONG，JUYOUJIAOHAOFAZHANQIANJING。

　　ZAISHIJIEGUANLANGJIANSHE180DUONIANDELISHIZHONG，CHUANGXINSHIGUANCHESHIZHONGDECIHUI。SHOUXIANSHILINIANCHUANGXIN，XINGUANXIANDEPUSHEFANGFAZAISHIJIEGEDIBUDUANYONGXIAN；GONGNENGBUDUANFENGFU，XIANGDONGJINGLINHAIFUDOUXINDESHIZHENGJICHUSHESHIRUSHANGXIASHUI、GONGDIANTONGXIN、RANQI、LENGNUANQIHELAJISHOUJIXITONGLIANJIEDAOMEIZUOJIANZHU，SHIZHENGGUANXIANYOU10ZHONGZHIDUO，CHUYUSHUIGUANDAOWAIQIYU9ZHONGGUANXIANDEQUANBUNARUGONGTONGGOUNEI，SHIXINGXINCHENGZHONGXINQUSHIZHENGGUANXIANTIXIZAIZAO，HENHAODISHIXIANLESHIZHENGGUANXIANJIGONGTONGGOUDEGAOXIAOYUNXING。

　　我国的综合管廊建设处于什么水平，趋势如何？

　　ZONGGUANSHIJIEZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHE，ZHENGFUZHONGSHI、GUIHUAXIANXING、FAZHIBAOZHANGDOUSHISHIFENXIANMINGDETEDIAN，ERZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEZHUYAOJIZHONGZAICHENGSHIXINQU、XINCHENGJIZHONGXINCHENGQUGENGXINGAIZAODENGFANGMIAN。

　　WOGUOCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGTANSUOXINGJIANSHESHIYU1959NIANTIANANMENGUANGCHANG，ZHANGQIANYUMI、NEIKUAN3.4MIDELANGDAONEIFUSHERELI、DIANLI、TONGXIN、JISHUIDENGSIZHONGGUANXIAN。GAIGEKAIFANGHOUDE1994NIAN，SHANGHAISHIPUDONGXINQUGUIHUAJIANSHELEYITIAODAGUIMO、ZHANGJULIDEXIANDAIHUAZONGHEGUANLANG-ZHANGYANGLUGONGTONGGOU（BEIYEJIEMEIYUWEIZHONGHUADIYILANG）。GAIZONGHEGUANLANGSHUYUZHIXIANGUANLANG，BUZHIZAIZHANGYANGLULIANGCE，ZONGZHANGDU11.125GONGLI，GUANLANGNEISHOURONGLEJISHUI、DIANLI、XINXIYUMEIQIDENGSIZHONGGUANXIAN。SUIHOUZAIGUONEIDEBEIJINGZHONGGUANCUN、GUANGZHOUDAXUECHENG、QINGDAOGAOXINQU、SHANGHAISHIBOYUANDENGXINQUJINXINGLESHIDIANJIANSHE。ZI2015NIANGUOJIAKAISHIQUANMIANTUIJINSHIDIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEHOU，ZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEJINRUXINJIEDUAN，JIN2016NIANDUJIUWANCHENG2005GONGLIDEGUANLANGKAIGONGJIANSHE，YUJIDAO2020NIANQUANGUOJIANSHEJIANGCHAOGUO10000GONGLI，JIANGCHENGWEISHIJIECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGGUIHUAJIANSHEDAGUO。

　　2016NIAN，GUOJIAZHUJIANBUHECAIZHENGBUDUIDIYIPISHIDIANZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEDECHENGSHIJINXINGJIXIAOPINGJIA，SHAMENWEIJUDIYI，QIANWUWEIYICISHISHAMEN、LIUPANSHUI、BAIYIN、BAOTOU、ZHANGSHA。

　　SHAMENMOSHIYOUQIZHIDEDIANZAN。ZUOWEIDIYIPISHIDIANCHENGSHI，SHAMENSHIJIANGZONGHEGUANLANGZUOWEICHENGSHIZHUANXINGFAZHANDEZHONGYAOZHUASHOU，JIANCHISHIYONGWEIXIAN、GUIHUAXIANXING、YINDIZHIYI，MUQIANQUANSHIYIJIANCHENGYUNYINGDEGANZHIXIANGUANLANG24.58GONGLI、LANXIANGUANLANG50.46GONGLI，YIRULANGDESHIZHENGGUANXIANZONGZHANGCHAOGUO270GONGLI；ZAIJIANDEGANZHIXIANGUANLANGDA52.68GONGLI，LANXIANGUANLANG31.17GONGLI。2016NIAN8YUE5RI，ZAISHAMENZHAOKAIDEQUANGUOCHENGSHIDIXIAGUANLANGJIANSHEGONGZUOZUOTANHUISHANG，ZHUJIANBUZUZHIDE100YUWEIZHUANJIAFENFENDIANZANSHAMENJINGYAN，CHENGQIWEI“SHAMENMOSHI”：GUONEILVXIANZONGJIEBINGDAGUIMOCAIYONGYUZHIPINZHUANGFAJINXINGZONGHEGUANLANGSHIGONG；LVXIANSHIDIANYUWUSHUIGUANHERANQIGUANRULANG；LVXIANYINRUSHEHUIZIBEN，CAIYONGPPPMOSHICANYUJIANSHEGUANLI；LVXIANJIANGRUODIANGUANXIANRONGRUDITIEXIANYOUDUANMIANKONGJIAN；LVXIANSHIXINGZONGHEGUANLANGYOUCHANGSHIYONGZHIDU；LVXIANCHUTAIDIFANGGUANLANGJISHUGUIFAN。YINGGAISHUO，SHAMENSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEDE“LIUGELVXIAN”WEIQUANGUOZONGHEGUANLANGDEFAZHANTIGONGLEKESHIFAN、KEJIEJIAN、KETUIGUANGDEYANGBAN。

　　LIKEQIANGZONGLIZAI2016NIANDE《ZHENGFUGONGZUOBAOGAO》ZHONGTICHU，KAIGONGJIANSHECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANG2000GONGLIYISHANG，PEIHELVSEJIANZHUHEJIANCAIDETUIGUANG、ZHIHUICHENGSHIDEDAZAO，RANGWEILAICHENGSHIBIANDEGENGJIAYIJU。ZHEIGEDONGYUANLINGKAIQILECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEDEXINSHIDAI，TUIJINCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHE，TONGCHOUGELEISHIZHENGGUANXIANGUIHUA、JIANSHEHEGUANLI，KEYOUXIAOJIEJUEFANFUKAIWALUMIAN、JIAKONGXIANWANGMIJI、GUANXIANSHIGUPINFADENGWENTI，YOULIYUBAOZHANGCHENGSHIANQUAN、WANSHANCHENGSHIGONGNENG、MEIHUACHENGSHIJINGGUAN、CUJINCHENGSHIJIYUEGAOXIAOHEZHUANXINGFAZHAN，YOULIYUTIGAOCHENGSHIZONGHECHENGZAINENGLIHECHENGZHENHUAFAZHANZHILIANG。

　　DANGZHONGYANG、GUOWUYUANYAOQIUBAZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHEZUOWEILVXINGZHENGFUZHINENG、WANSHANCHENGSHIJICHUSHESHIDEZHONGYAONEIRONG。YAOQIUDAO2020NIAN，JIANCHENGYIPIJUYOUGUOJIXIANJINSHUIPINGDEZONGHEGUANLANGBINGTOURUYUNYING，FANFUKAIWADIMIANDE“MALULALIAN”WENTIMINGXIANGAISHAN，GUANXIANANQUANSHUIPINGHEFANGZAIKANGZAINENGLIMINGXIANTISHENG，ZHUBUXIAOCHUZHUYAOJIEDAOZHIZHUWANGSHIJIAKONGXIAN，CHENGSHIDIMIANJINGGUANMINGXIANHAOZHUAN。

　　ZHUJIANBUDEZUIXINTONGJISHUJU，JIEZHI2016NIANDI，QUANGUO147GECHENGSHI28GEXIANYILEIJIKAIGONGJIANSHECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANG2005GONGLI，QUANMIANWANCHENGLENIANDUMUBIAORENWU。YINIANLAI，ZHUJIANBUZAIYOUGUANBUMENHEGUOJIAKAIFAYINXINGDENGJINRONGJIGOUZHICHIXIA，TONGGUOFENJIERENWU、DUIJIEXIANGMU、WANSHANBIAOZHUN、ZHIDAOSHIDIAN、JIAQIANGXUNCHADIAODUYIJISHIDIDUDAODENGDUOZHONGCUOSHI，JIJITUIJINCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIANSHE。

　　我国城市综合管廊如何建？

　　WOGUOCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGYINGGAIRUHEJIAN？WORENWEIGUOJIACENGMIANDEHONGGUANGUIHUAYINGGAIYUXINJINCHUTAIDEGUOTUKONGJIANGUIHUAJIEHEQILAI，LIZUYU“LITI+ZONGHE+XIEDIAO+HEXIE”DECHENGSHIFAZHANMOSHI。WOGUOCHENGSHIZUIJINQUEDESHITUDIZIYUAN，YINGJIANGCHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANG、DITIE、DIXIADAOLU、DIXIATINGCHECHANG、DIXIAJIEJIZONGHETIDENGTONGYINARUCHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANSHUXIANGGUIHUA，ZONGHELIYONGHAODIXIA1MI-100MIDESHUXIANGKONGJIAN，JIANGGUIDAOJIAOTONG、ZONGHEGUANLANG、HAIMIANCHENGSHI、CHENGSHIFANGZAI、ZHIHUICHENGSHI、PENGHUQUGAIZAO、CHENGSHISHUANGXIUDENGZONGHEKAOLV，RANGGUIDAOJIAOTONG、DIXIATINGCHE、DIXIADAOLU，CHENGSHISHENGMINGXIANXITONG、CHENGSHIZONGHEFANGZAIJIPINGZHANJIEHERENFANGGONGCHENG、JIYOUDIXIAKONGJIANSHESHIDEGENGXINGAIZAORONGWEIYITI，DAZAOCHENGSHIPINZHIGAODASHANGDEDIXIASHIJIE。

　　TONGSHI，CHENGSHIDIXIAKONGJIANJIZONGHEGUANLANGDEGONGCHENGJISHUYUZHUANGBEIYEJIXUYANJIUYUCHUANGXIN。RUTURANGXIUFUYUZAISHENGJISHU、ANWAJISHUYUZHUANGBEI、LVSECAILIAOYUGONGFA、YUNYINGGUANLIYUWEIHUDOUYOUTISHENGDEKONGJIAN。XIANGXINXINGSHENCENGDUNGOUYUDINGJINJISHUZHUANGBEI、YUZHIZHUANGPEISHIGOUJIANYUJIXIEHUASHIGONG、“DASHUJU+WULIANWANG+BIM+GISDESANWEIKESHIHUAXINXIPINGTAI”DENGDEQUANSHOUMINGZHOUQIZHIHUIHUAYUNWEIDENGDOUWEIGUANLIBUMEN、ZHUANJIAXUEZHE、QIYETIGONGLEGUANGKUODEWUTAI。

　　　海绵城市的上海战略略说

　　　何谓海绵城市？

　　HAIMIANCHENGSHIYIJINGSHIGELAOGAINIANLE。2013NIAN12YUE，ZHONGYANGCHENGZHENHUAGONGZUOHUIYITICHUYOUXIANKAOLVJIANSHE“HAIMIANCHENGSHI”。NEICIHUIYISHANG，XIJINPINGQIANGDIAO，YAOYOUXIANKAOLVGENGDUOLIYONGZIRANLILIANGPAISHUI，JIANSHEZIRANJICUN、ZIRANSHENTOU、ZIRANJINGHUADE“HAIMIANCHENGSHI”。LIKEQIANGZONGLIZAIJINNIANDEZHENGFUGONGZUOBAOGAOZHONGZHICHU，YAOTONGCHOUCHENGSHIDISHANGDIXIAJIANSHE，ZAIKAIGONGJIANSHECHENGSHIDIXIAZONGHEGUANLANG2000GONGLIYISHANG，QIDONGXIAOCHUCHENGQUZHONGDIANYILAOQUDUANSANNIANXINGDONG，TUIJINHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHE，SHICHENGSHIJIYOU“MIANZI”，GENGYOU“LIZI”。

　　HEWEIHAIMIANCHENGSHI？HAIMIANCHENGSHI，SHIXINYIDAICHENGSHIYUHONGGUANLIGAINIAN，SHIZHICHENGSHIZAISHIYINGHUANJINGBIANHUAHEYINGDUIYUSHUIDAILAIDEZIRANZAIHAIDENGFANGMIANJUYOULIANGHAODE“DANXING”，YEKECHENGZHIWEI“SHUIDANXINGCHENGSHI”。GUOJITONGYONGSHUYUWEI“DIYINGXIANGKAIFAYUSHUIXITONGGOUJIAN”。XIAYUSHIXISHUI、XUSHUI、SHENSHUI、JINGSHUI、PAISHUI，XUYAOSHIJIANGXUCUNDESHUI“SHIFANG”BINGJIAYILIYONG。

　　HAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEKERANGCHENGSHI“DANXINGSHIYING”HUANJINGBIANHUAYUZIRANZAIHAI，BAOHUYUANYOUSHUISHENGTAIXITONG、HUIFUBEIPOHUAISHUISHENGTAI、TUIXINGDIYINGXIANGKAIFA、TONGGUODIYINGXIANGCUOSHIJIQIXITONGZUHEYOUXIAOJIANSHAODIBIAOSHUIJINGLIULIANG，JIANQINGBAOYUDUICHENGSHIYUNXINGDEYINGXIANG。YEJIUSHISHUO，ZAICHENGZHENJIANSHEZHONG，NEIZHONGGEDUANCHENGSHI、RENYUZIRANGUANXIDEXINGWEI，XIANGCHANGJIANDESHUINILUMIAN、YINGHUAGUANGCHANGYAOGAIBIANLE。

　　WOGUOQUEDINGDEHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEGUANCHELIUZIFANGZHEN：SHEN、ZHI、XU、JING、YONG、PAI。JUTISHUO，JIUSHIYAOFAHUISHESHI、TURANG，DISHANG、DIXIADEHELI，RANGCHENGSHIBIANDEYIJU，ERBUSHIYIDAOXIAYUBIAN“MALUSHANGKAIJUNJIAN”。

　　国外海绵城市都做了哪些功课？

　　GUOWAIGONGYEHUAZAO，CHENGSHILAOZIXIANXIANGCHUXIANDEGENGZAO，SUOYIBALI、LUNDUN、MUNIHEI、NIUYUE、DONGJINGDENGCHENGSHIDEYUHONGGUANDAOJIANSHEKAISHIDEZAO。BALIDEXIASHUIDAOJUNCHUZAIBALISHIDIMIANYIXIA30-50MI，BALIRENQIANHOUGONGHUALE126NIANDESHIJIANCAIXIUJIANCHENGGONG。SHUIDAOZONGHENGJIAOCUO，MIRUZHUWANG，ZONGZHANG2347QIANMI，GUIMOYUANCHAOBALIDITIE，XIANGDANGYUBALIDAOYISITANBUERDEJULI，NANGUAIYUSHUIDAOLEBALIDEDIMIANBIANXUNSULEWUZONGYING。RUJIN，BALISHENZHIHAILIYONGCHENGSHIDIXIADEXIASHUIDAOBANQILEBOWUGUAN，KAIFALVYOU。

　　BALIDEXIASHUIDAOKUANCHANGDECHURENYILIAO：ZHONGJIANSHIKUANYUE3MIDEPAISHUIDAO，LIANGPANGSHIKUANYUE1MIDEGONGJIANXIURENYUANTONGXINGDEBIANDAO，DINGBUSHIJIASHEHUODIAOZHUANGDESHIZHENGGUANXIAN，ZUIZAODECHENGSHIZONGHEGUANLANGJIUSHIYIXIASHUIDAONEIJIASHEGUANXIANERQI。BALIDEXIASHUIDAOHAIYOUYILIANCHUANSHUZIKEYISHUOMINGZHEIYIPAISHUITIXIDEFADA：YUE2.6WANGEXIASHUIDAOGAI、6000DUOGEDIXIAXUSHUICHI、1300DUOMINGZHUANYEWEIHUGONG……

　　SUIZHECHENGSHIRENKOUDEZENGZHANG，BALIDEGONGCHENGSHIMENHAIXIUJIANLE4TIAOZHIJINGWEI4MI、ZONGZHANGWEI34QIANMIDEPAISHUIQU，YIBIANTONGGUOJINGHUAZHANDUIYUSHUIHEFEISHUIJINXINGCHULI，CHULIGUODESHUIYIBUFENPAIDAOJIAOWAIHUOZHELIURUSAINAHE，LINGYIBUFENZETONGGUOFEIYINYONGSHUIGUANDAOXUNHUANSHIYONG。JIEZHI1999NIAN，BALIWANCHENGLEDUICHENGSHIFEISHUIHEYUSHUIDE100%CHULI，HAISAINAHEYIGEMIANSHOUWURANDESHUIZHI。

　　HELANSHIZHUMINGDEDIDIGUOJIA，YUSHUIDUOSHICHANGTAI。CONGMINGDEHELANRENYINSHILIDAODIZAILUTEDANJIANQILESHUIGUANGCHANG，TAMENJIANGSHUIZIYUANCUNCHUZAIGONGGONGKEJIANDEPENDI。BenthempleinSHUISHANGGUANGCHANGDESANGEPENDI，DOUBEIHUISHANGLEBUTONGSHENDUDELANSE，FANGFOQIHOUTUSHANGDEDENGYAXIAN。KAIFANGDEBUXIUGANGJUCHIXINGSHUICAOHEWEIRUODEGUANGDAIROUHEZAIGUANGCHANGDEDIMIANSHANG，TAMENBUJINKEYISHUSONGSHUI，TONGSHIHAISHILUNHUAAIHAOZHEDETIANTANG。QIZHONGZUISHENDEPENDILISHEYOUJINGQIANGPUBU，PUBUDELIULIANGSHIYOUJIANGYULIANGLAIJUEDINGDE，SHUIYOUPUBUZUIZHONGLIURUDAOPENDIZHONG。ZHEIYANG，YANYANXIARILIZHEIXIESHUICHIWEIYUANBENRENKOUMIJIDELUTEDANDAILAILEYISILVYI。BUJINRUCI，HELANDECHENGSHIGUIHUASHIYUGONGCHENGSHIHAIZHENDUIYUSHUIWENTIZHIDINGLEYITAO“SHUIGUIHUA”，TONGGUOCAIYONGJINGGUANYUGONGCHENGXIANGJIEHEDETONGCHOUTUJING，JIANGCHENGSHINEIYOUXIAOXUSHUIYUGONGGONGKONGJIANJIEHEQILAI，JINERFAZHANCHUBAOKUOXIACHENGUANGCHANG、LINGHUODEJIEDAODUANMIAN、SHUIQIQIU，YIJILANJIEPOMIANDEBADENGDUOGEGONGGONGKONGJIANYUANXING（Prototype）。KEYIGENJUJUTIHUANJINGDECHIDU、KONGJIANDESHIYONG、CHUCUNYUSHUIDENENGLIYAOQIUYINGYONGYUBUTONGDEDIDIAN。LUTEDANYUSHUIGUANGCHANGJIUSHIZAIZHEIYI“SHUIGUIHUA”ZHIDAOXIAJUTISHISHIDEZHUDUOYUANXINGZHIYI。

　　LEISIDEGUIHUAZAIRIBEN、XINJIAPODENGGUOYIGUANGFANYINGYONG。

　　SHANGHAIHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHECONGHERUSHOU、YOUHEYUANJING？

　　HAIMIANCHENGSHIZAIQUANGUOCHENGZHENHUAGONGZUOHUIYIZHIHOUQUANMIANSHIDIAN，SHANGHAIZAI2016NIANCHENGWEIGUOJIADISANPISHIDIANCHENGSHI。

　　QISHI，SHANGHAIDEHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHECONG2016NIANCHUJIUQIDONGLE，DANGNIANSHISHIDESHINENGYUANHESHUIZIYUANXIAOHAO、JIANSHEYONGDIDENGZONGLIANGHEQIANGDUSHUANGKONGXINGDONG。YONGSHANGHAISHICHENGXIANGJIANSHEWEIDEZONGJIE，YISHIYANJIUZHIDINGTUIJINSHANGHAISHIHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEDESHISHIYIJIAN，ERSHIYAOYANJIUZHIDINGSHIHESHANGHAITEDIANDEHAIMIANCHENGSHIDEBIAOZHUNTIXI。ZAICIJICHUSHANG，DUIHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEGUIHUA、JIANSHEJINXINGTONGYIBUSHU，JIEHESHANGHAIJIAOQUXINCHENG、LIUDAZHONGDIANGONGNENGQUYU、WUDAZHUANXINGQUYUHECHENGPIANKAIFAQUYUDEJIANSHETUIJIN。

　　SHANGHAISHIHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHECONGDINGCENGSHEJIKAISHI，QIZHONGBAOKUOCHENGSHIKAIFABIANJIEDEHUADING、QUANMIANTUIKAICHENGSHIYOUJIGENGXIN、JIAKUAIGONGYEYONGDIERCIKAIFA、DIXIAOJIANSHEYONGDIJIANLIANG7PINGFANGGONGLI、WANSHANTANPAIFANGJIAOYIJIZHI、KUODAZHUANGPEISHIJIANZHUYINGYONGGUIMODENG。SHANGHAISHIZHUJIANWEIFUZERENBIAOSHI：XIWANGDAO2020NIANJIBENXINGCHENGSHENGTAIBAOHUHEDIYINGXIANGKAIFADEYUSHUIJISHUYUSHESHITIXI，LAOCHENGDIQUTONGGUOSHIDIANHEGAIZAOSHIXIAN75%KONGZHILV。”

　　SHANGHAISHIFABUDEHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHESHISHIYIJIANTICHUDAO2020NIANDEJIBENMUBIAOSHI：LVDIXITONG、JIANZHUYUXIAOQU、DAOLUYUGUANGCHANG、PAISHUIXITONGDENGXINJIAN、GAIJIANGONGCHENGJIANGDAHAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEGUIHUAYOUGUANMUBIAOHEZHIBIAO，SHIDIANQUYUNIANJINGLIUZONGLIANGKONGZHILVBUDIYU80%；CAIQUXUPAIJIEHECUOSHI，ZHUBUTIGAOCHENGSHIPAISHUIFANGLAOBIAOZHUN，SHANGHAISHIQUANSHICHENGZHENJIANCHENGQUYUSHUIPAISHUIXITONGBUDIYU1NIANYIYUBIAOZHUN，ZHONGXINCHENGJIANCHENGQU20%YISHANGDEYUSHUIQIANGPAIXITONGDADAOGUIHUAXINBIAOZHUNYAOQIU；TISHENGSHANGHAISHI11ZUOYUSHUIDIAOXUCHIHEFENLIUZHIPAISHUIXITONGCHUQIYUSHUIJIELIUSHESHIDEYUNXINGXIAONENG。

　　JUJIESHAO，SHANGHAIJIANGJIADACHENGSHIPAISHUIFANGLAOSHESHIJIANSHELIDU。TONGCHOUKAOLVPAISHUIXITONGTIBIAO、SHUIHUANJINGZHILIHENEILAOFANGZHIDEYAOQIU，YICIGUIHUA，FENQISHISHI，ZHONGXINCHENGXIAOCHUJIANCHENGQUPAISHUIXITONGKONGBAI，JIAOQUJIEHECHENGZHENJIANSHETONGBUKAIZHANPAISHUIXITONGXINJIANHEWANSHANGONGZUO。XINJIANHEGAIJIANLVDIJIANGJIAQIANGYUSHUILIYONGHEDIAOXU，GULIYIJIANLVDIYUSHUILIYONGHEDIAOXU。GONGYUANLVDINEIBUXINGXITONG、GUANGCHANGHETINGCHECHANGDENGYINGZHIPUZHUANGJIANGCAIYONGTOUSHUICAILIAO，XINJIANHEGAIJIANXIANGMUTOUSHUIPUZHUANGLVFENBIEBUDIYU50%HE30%；ZHICHIWUDINGLVHUAHECHUIZHILVHUADENGLITILVHUAJIANSHE，LVSEWUDINGLVBUDIYU30%。

　　上海海绵城市建设怎么干？

　　XIANZAI，SHANGHAIYIJINGXUANZELEPUDONGLINGANGDIQU、SONGJIANGNANBUXINCHENG、PUTUOTAOPUDIQUKAIZHANSHIDIAN，KAISHIGUIHUAJIANSHESUZHOUHEDIXIASHENCENGYUSHUIDIAOXUGONGCHENG，NIJIANCHENGZHONGXINCHENGQU4GEQUYUYUSHUIDIAOXUJIPAISHUIXITONG。

　　SHANGHAIYOURUYIKUAIXIMANSHUIDEHAIMIAN，CHENGSHINEILAO、GONGSHUIYUANSHUISHUIZHINANKONGDENGSHUIANQUANWENTIBIJIAOTUCHU。YINCI，SHANGHAIHAIMIANCHENGSHIGUIHUAJIANSHESHOUXIANCONGJIEJUEBAOYU、TAIFENGZAOCHENGCHENGSHINEILAOWENTIWEITUPODIAN，SHISHANGHAI“ZHEIKUAIYIJINGXIMANSHUIDEHAIMIAN”ZAIQUEBAOANQUANDEQIANTIXIA，HAINENGXINAYUSHUI，BINGWEICHENGSHITIGONGKEKAOSHENGHUOYINYONGSHUISHUIYUAN，CONGSHIYU、CHENGSHI、DAOLU、GUANGCHANG、LVDI、JIEQUDENGGEGECENGMIAN，XITONGDIBAOZHANGCHENGSHISHUIANQUAN，WEIHUHEXIUFUCHENGSHISHUIHUANJINGYUSHUISHENGTAI，ZHANGXIANCHENGSHISHUIWENHUA。

　　SUOYI，SHANGHAIHAIMIANCHENGSHIGUIHUAJIANSHEYINGGUANZHUXITONGJIEJUESHANGHAICHENGSHIFANGCHAOPAILAO，HELIKEXUE、YINDIZHIYIDIXINAYUSHUI，XUBEIKEKONGKEKAODESHENGHUOYINYONGSHUIYUAN。WEICI，SHANGHAIHAIMIANCHENGSHIGUIHUAJIANSHEZONGTICELVEWEI：DIYI，BIXUDUIQUANSHISHUILIJINXINGTONGCHOUGUIHUAJIANSHE，JIANGDIDIXIASHUIWEI，ZENGQIANGDIAOKONGHELIUSHUIXIKANGYUWAISHUIHEPAIXIENEISHUINENGLI，KUOCHONGHELIUSHUIYUDENASHUIKONGJIAN，GOUTONGSHUIXILIANXI，XINGCHENGKANGDEZHUWAICHAO、CHENGDEQIBAOYU、PAIDECHUHESHUI、XUDEZHUYUSHUIDEHAIMIANCHENGSHISHUIXIJITI，QUEBAOCHENGSHISHUIANQUAN；DIER，TONGGUODAOLU、GUANGCHANG、YINGZHIPUDI、LVDIXITONGGAIZAOJIANSHE，YOUXIAOPAIXIESHOUWURANDECHUQIYUSHUI，ZHILIUQINGJIEYUSHUI；DISAN，JIANSHEJIEQUYUSHUIDIAOXUXITONG，ZHILIUXUCUNJIEQUNEIQINGJIEYUSHUI，BAOZHANGJIEQUSHUIANQUAN；DISI，LIANTONGGEJIEQUDIXIAYUSHUIDIAOXUSHESHI，PEIJIANDIXIAYUSHUIJINGHUACHULICHANG，SHENGCHANDABIAOSHENGHUOYINYONGSHUI，JIEJUECHENGSHIYINYONGSHUISHUIYUANANQUANWENTI。

　　SHANGHAIHAIMIANCHENGSHIGUIHUAJIANSHEYINGYUCHENGSHISHUANGXIU、DIXIAKONGJIANZONGHELIYONGJIQUANSHISHUIXIGUIHUAJIANSHETONGCHOUJINXING，SHIYICAIYONGXIALIECUOSHI：SHUJUN、GOUTONG、WASHENQUANSHIYUHELIU、HUCHI，JIANGDIDIXIASHUIWEI，KUOCHONGHELIUSHUIXIDERONGSHUIKONGJIAN；ZENGJIANSHIYUBIANJIEHEWAIHUANXIANWAIDEHELIUSHUIZHA，LIYONGSHUIZHA、PAILAOBENGZHANDIAOKONGSHIYUHEZHONGXINCHENGQUHELIUSHUIWEI，DIAOKONGYULIUXUNAYUSHUIKONGJIAN；JIEHELVDIXITONGGUIHUAJIANSHE，KAIWABAOYUCHANGLAODIQUDERENGONGHUHE，XUNAYUSHUI，BINGLIANTONGFUJINHELIU，XINGCHENGCHUANTONGLIUDONGDEJUYOUNAYUPAILAO、XIUXIANGUANSHANGDENGDUOGONGNENGDESHUIXI，SHICHANGLAODIQUMIANZAOLAOZAI。

　　GAIZAODAOLU、GUANGCHANG、LVDIXITONG，KEXUEYOUXIAOPAIXUYUSHUI。JICHENGYINGYONGYUSHUISHENTOUHEXULIUDENGFANGMIANDEXINCAILIAO、XINCHANPIN、XINGONGYI，XITONGJINXINGCHENGSHIDAOLUHAIMIANXINGGAIZAOGENGXIN，KEXUECHENGJIE、PAIXIEYUSHUI；JIANSHEGUANGCHANGXITONGDIYINGXIANGKAIFAYUSHUIXITONG，GAISHANYUSHUIPAIXUGONGNENG；ZENGQIANGLVDIXITONGDEYUSHUIZHIXUGONGNENG，PEIYUTESESHUIWENHUA。ZAICHENGSHILVDIXITONGZHONGSHEZHIDUOGONGNENGYUSHUIDIAOXUGONGYUAN，XUCUNJIANGYU，YINGZAOSHUIJING，PEIYUSHUIWENHUA。CIWAI，HAIXUZAIJIANCHENG、XINJIANQUJIANSHEJIEQUYUSHUIDIAOXUXITONG，BAOZHANGJIEQUSHUIANQUAN；LIANTONGCHENGSHIDIXIAYUSHUIDIAOXUXITONG，BAOZHANGCHENGSHIYONGSHUIANQUAN。

　　GENJUSHANGHAISHISHUIWUXINGYE“SHISANWU”GUIHUAJISHISHUIWUJUGONGZUOBUSHU，NIZAISUZHOUHEXIAGUIHUAJIANSHESHENCENGDIAOXUGUANDAO，ZHIJINGZAI8ZHI10MI，WEIYUDIXIAYUE40～60MI，GUONEISHANGWUJIANSHEXIANLI，BEICHENGZHIWEI“CHAOJIYUSHUIDIAOXUGUANLANG”，YANZHESUZHOUHEXIAMIANCONGWAIHUANXIANZHIHUANGPUJIANG，YANXIANTUJINGZHANGNING、PUTUO、JINGAN、ZHABEI、HUANGPUDENGQU，QUANZHANG17GONGLIZUOYOU，XUSHUIRONGLIANGJIANGDADAO70DUOWANLIFANGMI。“CHAOJIDIAOXUGUANLANG”JIANCHENGHOU，SUZHOUHEYANXIANDEPAISHUINENGLIKECONGMUQIANDEYINIANYIYU（MEIXIAOSHIPAISHUI36HAOMI）TIGAOZHIWUNIANYIYU（MEIXIAOSHIPAISHUI55HAOMI）。

　　ZONGERYANZHI，HAIMIANCHENGSHIJIANSHEDELIUZIFANGZHENDEBUZHEBUKOUBINGCHUANGZAOXINGDIZHIXING，ANQUANSHANGHAIHEZHUOYUEQUANQIUCHENGSHIDEYUANJINGDINGKESHIXIAN。

　　束昱：同济大学教授、同济地下空间研究院院长、全球城市地下空间研究会理事长、日本东京工业大学客座研究员、英国皇家特许建造师。1982年在同济大学首开【地下空间利用】课程，1991年代表中国参与【东京国际地下空间宣言】的起草与签署，1993年开启我国城市（杭州市）地下空间规划编制先河，1992-1994年担当上海浦东张杨路共同沟（被业界誉为中华第一沟）研究设计技术总监，1995-1997年参与国家住建部《城市地下空间开发利用管理规定》，是国家住建部“九五、十五城市地下空间开发利用规划”的主编，2005-2007年领衔主编《中国城市地下空间规划编制导则》，2014-2015承担并领衔完成国家住建部和人防办下达《城市地下空间开发利用管理办法》、《城市地下空间开发利用协作机制》《城市地下空间建设发展规定》《城市地下工程安全使用技术规程》等5项课题，至今已培养硕士博士生40余人，完成50余项国家及省市委托的科研咨询及北京、上海、天津、南京、杭州、广州、深圳、兰州等70项城市地下空间及人防工程和应急避难场所等专项规划编研。出版《城市地下空间规划与设计》、《城市地下空间环境艺术设计》、《城市地下空间开发利用与管理》等专著6部、发表论文250余篇，获得国家科技进步二等奖1项、教育部科技进步一等奖1项，其他2、3等奖20余项，是我国城市地下空间和综合管廊规划设计理论方法与标准、城市地下空间和谐需求预测理论、地下空间环境与人体相互作用理论、地下空间环境生态化技术集成应用理论、地下空间使用安全评价方法、地下空间环境艺术设计理论与方法、地下空间防灾诱导标志的规划设计理论与方法、海绵城市地下空间、综合管廊规划设计及兼顾人防等方面的先行研究和开拓创新者，国内外著名城市地下空间与人居环境研究专家。